Clown Fish

Marine tourism industry in Indonesia in Indonesia in recent years showed rapid development. This fact was shown by all local governments are trying to develop the potential of their respective regions, suitable regional autonomy demands the widest. Respective local governments trying to manage the potential for their respective regions, both in terms of culture, beauty, culture, historical heritage, the beauty of the mountains or the coastal zone.

West Sumatra, in terms of tourism has huge potential once. Tourism objects are many and spread throughout the land of Minang. One of these is the potential availability of nautical tourism in the marine environment. Supported by the location of domains in the western part Minang Sumatra Island has a coastline of more than 450 km with an area of ocean waters more than 138 759 km, including the EEZ area, it is natural that the last years this began to develop marine tourism sites along the West Sumatran coast. Several small islands located in the Gulf region and Aquatic Bunguih Padang including monkey Banana Island, Banana Island Tower, Island Kasiak, Talena Island, and Island Pasumpahan Sirandah.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Several other islands, is slowly beginning to overhaul its management continues to be a place of nautical tourism, as well as Sikuai Island, which was established three star hotel. Similarly Cubadak Island and Island in area waters Painan Cingkuak Pasisia Salatan.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Although the development of nautical tourism in the domains of Minang has started quite rapidly, but only just limited to enjoying the beauty of the island, beach or recreational fishing and tourism-bath shower. There are still many who do not know that far in the basic beauty of the sea have a much more remarkable. Diverse beauty of coral reefs with residents of ornamental fish, it makes a charming scene, which made everyone want to menyelaminya or bersnokelling ria in order to enjoy the beauty of it.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Location Bunguih Bay in the western part of Sumatra island, has the potential of underwater panorama of large, group of islands and contained charred area of the gulf is so much beauty store that has not been much in the know kemisteriusannya to be dived. Tourist divers are generally looking for objects submarines or new dive sites to be enjoyed, but most are looking for a beautiful panorama of the coral reefs are the biota that live in and associated with it. Beautiful coral reefs, among others, is determined by the diversity and richness of coral species of ornamental fish that live there.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Here the author tries to present the potential location of objects contained tourist submarine in waters off West Sumatra? and the locations closest to the city of Padang.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Banana Island Gadang

The island has a varied geomoforlogi beach with fine white sand. On the east side of the island is a reef is overgrown by various types of coral reefs. Because the location of the island is relatively near the mouth of the Batang Arau river water quality around him to make a little cloudy, but even so we still will find rocks shaped table from the genus Acropora cytherea and Acropora Hyacinthus, non-coral of the genus Acropora and soft corals are Living at depths from 0.5 meters up to a depth of 5 meters.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
The underwater beauty of this island can be enjoyed simply by just bersnokelling, because our view of the relatively limited due to visibility (sight distance) are low and somewhat turbid, especially during the rainy season. Any coral reefs cover only to a depth of 5 meters, making this location more suitable only for bersnokelling, for scuba diving due to lack of suitable water clarity is relatively low.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Charred Sinyaru
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
For the diver who was in Padang, the title of this scorched more popularly known as the ship burned, perhaps because at this location was found the carcass of a sinking ship for some few years ago. This location is where the diving is very interesting for adventurers who like to scuba dive Wreck with depth below the water level around 15? - 20 meter.Dilokasi These divers will be able to enjoy the atmosphere other than the location of premises other coral. This location is unique in its waters which form the basis of the average hard coral (hard coral) and not sandy.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
When doing dives at this location, divers will be diving in the hallways and debris wreck wrecks that creates a distinct pleasure.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Besides, divers will also see many different types of reef fish and ornamental fish are among the debris bersileweran vessel, even for divers who have never seen a shark while doing diving, nah .. at this location will be able to see it. Watching a shark during a dive in the actual delivery of a pleasure by itself and must get rid of the opinion that the shark will eat us.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Charred Suar

Is a cluster of rocks that have not come to the surface, and at this location installed lighthouse that served as signposts sea shipping traffic. At the time of lowest tide has scorched into 3-6 meters below the water surface.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Living coral reefs found to a depth of 12 meters and at certain parts in the bottom waters found in the form of sand, on flat growth averaging more dominated by the reef coral Acropora tabulate and branching Acropora corals.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
This location would make a great scuba diving spot, due to considerable depth and water clarity is relatively good, and then covered with a relatively high diversity of corals. When you do the scuba diving here, we have more extra careful, because this location is a char that usually flows more strongly and do not forget to remind the crew or the people on the boats so they are always watching us from above the ship during dives.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Sirandah Island
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
Only about 40 minutes from the port of Padang Muaro or approximately 30 minutes from TPI Bunguih, we've reached the island using the boat 80 HP.Pulau this is a relatively small island, located approximately 11 miles from the center of Padang. Every day, dozens of fishing boats coming from the area chart Bunguih anchored in waters around the island for shelter and waited days to go ketengah afternoon sea fishing. The beach consists of fine white sand and gentle. Underwater beauty can be seen all around the island is overgrown by branching Acropora corals from, heliopora, at a depth of 2-3 meters are dominated by the growth of soft corals. Coral growth was found up to a depth of 15 meters makes a beautiful panorama of the sea to be dived.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
This location is very suitable to serve as scuba diving and snorkeling spot since it is supported by the clarity of the water and diversity of coral reefs are quite solid.
Exploring Underwater Padang State by Indrawadi
As a society of West Sumatra, we should feel proud, because we have tourism potential under the sea which is just as interesting as other regions that have dive sites and places to tour nautical.

When hearing the name of a clown fish, in memory of people will tend to imagine the figure named latin fish Amphiprion ocellaris (Figure 1). Nevertheless, the clown fish is actually comprised of not less than 29 species (Table 1). They all look pretty and funny. Twenty-eight types of clown fish is a species of the genus Amphiprion, while one species is a species of the genus Premnas (Figure 2). Premnas has a special characteristic, namely a "thorn" preoperkularis that were found under her eyes
The whole of this type is the family of Pomacentridae. Thus, if traced back they were still brothers with groups such as the damselfish Chromis, Chrysiptera, and Dascyllus.

Table 1. Clown Fish relatives

Amphiprion akallopisos
Amphiprion mccullochi
Amphiprion akindynos
Amphiprion melanopus
Amphiprion allardi
Amphiprion nigrisep
Amphiprion bicinctus
Amphiprion ocellaris
Amphiprion chagosensi
Amphiprion omanensis
Amphiprion chrysogaster
Amphiprion percula
Amphiprion chrysoptarus
Amphiprion perideraion
Amphiprion clarkii
Amphiprion polymnus
Amphiprion ephippium
Amphiprion rubrocintus
Amphiprion frenatus
Amphiprion sandraracinos
Amphiprion fuscocaudatus
Amphiprion sebae
Amphiprion latezonatus
Amphiprion thiellei
Amphiprion latifasciatus
Amphiprion tricinctus
Amphiprion leukokranos
Premnas biaculeatus


In general, small clown fish. They can achieve their maximum size of 10-15 cm. Brightly colored, body width (height), and equipped with small mouths. Relatively large scales with a unique dorsal fin. Color pattern on this fish is often used as a base in the process of their identification, as well as tooth shape, head and body shape. Color variations may occur in the same species, particularly with respect to distribution locations. For example A clarkii is a species that has spread most widely, so that this species has the most variety of colors (depending on where found) compared with other species of clown fish.

Known clown fish is a fish that has a relatively wide spread of areas, particularly in the area around the Indo Pacific. One species, namely A. bicinctus, known to the Red Sea endemic. They are, in general, found in the lagoon-lagoon around rocky reefs, or on koastal areas with depths less than 50 meters and the water clearly. In the waters of Papua New Guinea, clown fish can be found no less than eight species.

In nature, clown fish consume zooplankton, crustaceans and algae that were found in their habitat.

Reciprocal Relations.

The popularity of clown fish are not separated from simbiosisnya behavior with different types of anemones. Anemones, which, for other types of fish poison, for the clown fish is a safe haven and comfortable. Clown fish are often found hiding, covered, and chatting among the tentacles of the anemone are toxin-tentalel.

In nature, the presence of clowns in the anemone fish can protect it from aggressive fish of several species of fish such as butterfly angle or fish that will eat the tentacles. Conversely clown fish anemone utilize such as a shelter from natural enemies. Without the protection of the anemone, clown fish can only survive a few minutes just before devoured by its enemies.

Living together between two very different kinds of creatures that are often used as examples of harmonious living next door

Clown fish are often also do cleanup duty at the anemone's body is by picking up crumbs, or other impurities that can rid the body of anemones from different types of parasites. Meanwhile, a clown fish themselves often brought food to the anemone.

Like other sea dwellers, clown fish do not actually have the ability to counteract the poison of the anemone. Nevertheless they memilki sniper tactics how to deal with these toxins. Anemone tentacles lined by mucous that has specific content to protect it from shocks other tentacles or stung by the tentacles themselves. Mucus is utilized by the clown fish to protect the body from tentekal anemone sting. Clown fish can survive a few moments of shock tentacles before paralysis. Degan way rub up against her body quickly in the tentacles of a clown fish can be smeared all over his body with tentacles antisengat mucus. Within an hour of a clown fish will be memenyelimuti antisengat entire body with the mucus, so that eventually he will be completely immune to the sting tentacles. Thus, they eventually would be safe to play and are among the anemone tentacles. At night they often sleep with it wrapped in tentacles.

When separated from the anemone clown fish for several hours, they will soon lose its immunity. And to become resistant again they need to adapt and take time as mentioned above.

Each type of clown fish has certain criteria in selecting the anemone. Therefore, at the time of purchase of anemone fish, it would be nice to know first the types if desired anemone clown fish species that will be purchased. Table 2 shows the relationship between the type of clown with anemone fish favorite. With this table are expected to ease in selecting the appropriate types of anemones with clown fish who wants to have.

Polyandry?

Unlike other species of fish, clown fish mating behavior showed the opposite characteristics. If the other fish, take a few females to one male, in fact one female clown fish has several male.

Known clown fish can change sex. In addition they have a strict social hierarchy. In one colony of a clown fish that live in the anemone, usually consisting of one adult female dominant male and several smaller ones, as well as some young clown fish. These young fish were all male sex.

If the female dies or disappears, the biology of adult male will change sex to female. Changes will berlangsungan sex for two weeks or more. Then the largest and oldest male there will be a partner dikoloni. Such strategy is known to maintain the continuation of the existence of such a clown fish species. In this case the males are widowed females do not need to seek other females away. As is known, in nature, clown fish, anemones can not leave more than a few yards just to find another female.

Clown fish eggs can produce 300-700 eggs. Diltekan egg on the stones under the cloak anemone. Eggs will be guarded by male clowns until they hatch. Eggs will generally hatch after six or seven days. The next seed would "become" planton sea and washed up. After 15 days adrift, eating and growing, seed will grow into a young clown and get ready for the anemone as a home.

The Coral Triangle

Indonesian archipelago was lucky to be in the heart of Coral Triangle between the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomons, Fiji, northern Australia. Privileged sea biodiversity is an area of 5.7 million km2, equivalent Amazone forest wealth.
Natural beauty of the underwater ground water has invited local and foreign travelers to enjoy the diving and even snorkeling. Diving, the sport which was initially assessed exclusively by some communities in Indonesia, has been growing rapidly. Provision of equipment and dive by dive tourism service operators to freelance dive guide helped enliven the diving tourism industry of our country.

In a national seminar on the development of nautical tourism in Bali in 2002, Cipto Aji Gunawan, a PADI Course Director, disclose, that the potential of Indonesian dive tourism industry at least three times higher than in Thailand. To dive sites, Indonesia 34 and Thailand has 13 only. This is regardless of the candidate dive locations in Indonesia which has not been explored or pursued, as well as equipment purchases, expenses and course fees pelesatarian snowball effect on the environment.

But the data did not stand on their own pride. Individual actors to the individual level to the level of government should be taking shape. With dive sites less than half the number in Indonesia, Thailand able to make 128-240 million U.S. dollars, compared with Indonesia that ranged from 13.28 to 24 million U.S. dollars. Cipto estimate based on the nature of Indonesia, Thailand and more as a diving destination, rather than as origin of the diver. Through the assumption that Indonesia was estimated to be 507-960 million U.S. dollars earned through lodging, diving and other activities that are directly related to diving, and even additional activities suitable filler pause before flying after diving over.

INDONESIA National Geographic Traveler recently held a questionnaire which aims memeringkatkan best dive sites in Indonesia. Factors include the beauty and diversity, the challenge of diving, the availability of additional tourism, service, satisfaction value than the cost, sustainability and ease of location to the location. Average value (score) from the scale of 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good).

We involve players diving through an online survey in http://www.nationalgeographic.co.id/sub/survey/ (March 16 till 1 April 2009) and questionnaire in the Deep Indonesia (27 to 29 March 2009) at the Jakarta Convention Center. Through purposive sampling methodology (on target representative), until the expiry of 421 respondents encompass research. With the demographic profile, average age 30 years, 71% men and women 29%, 64% is of institutions PADI certified divers (43%).

INDONESIA BEST 16 dive sites

Diving tourism potential in the country entered the agenda of any local foreign travelers. Under panoramic ocean views not rare hard-up revealed through word-encourage them to come again. National Geographic Traveler Indonesian respondents selecting and assessing the ranking.

By the Indonesian Research and Development National Geographic Traveler
Introduction by Christantiowati and Manggalani R Ukirsari


Indonesian archipelago was lucky with its location in the heart of Coral Triangle (the Coral Triangle) between the islands of the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Fiji and northern Australia. A feature of marine biodiversity in an area covering 5.7 million square kilometers is equivalent to the natural richness of tropical rain forests in the Amazon (source: WWF, June 12, 2007).

Natural beauty of the underwater-Water Land of the total area of 5.7 square kilometers - has come up with the walkers, both local and foreign travelers to enjoy it, by diving and even snorkeling. Diving, the sport that had been assessed exclusively by some communities in Indonesia, has been growing rapidly. Provision of diving equipment, diving tours in the container service organization (dive operator) to freelance dive guide (freelancer) helped enliven the dive tourism industry of our country.

In a national seminar on the development of nautical tourism in Bali several years ago, Cipto A Gunawan, a PADI Course Director of the analysis reveal the potential for diving tourism industry in Indonesia at least three times larger than Thailand. To dive sites, Indonesia 34 and Thailand has 13 only. This is regardless of the dive sites in Indonesia and has not been found and / or cultivated, the purchase of equipment, course fees and expenses snowball effect towards environmental conservation.

But the data did not stand on their own pride. There's a row of numbers that make the various components, ranging up to individual levels of government must clean up. With dive sites less than half the number of locations in Indonesia, Thailand able to make 128-240 million U.S. dollars. Indonesia was ranged from 13.28 to 24 million U.S. dollars (Cipto A Gunawan, 2002, estimates are based on the nature of Thailand and Indonesia as a diving destination more than a diver resource location).

Indonesian National Geographic Traveler recently conducted a questionnaire aimed memeringkatkan best dive sites in Indonesia. Factors include the beauty and diversity, the challenge of diving, the availability of additional tourism, service, satisfaction, than the cost (cost benefit meets), sustainability and ease of location to location.

We involve the actors dive through an online survey on our site; http://www.nationalgeographic.co.id/sub/survey/ (16 March 1 April 2009) and the questionnaire in the event Deep Indonesia (27 to 29 March 2009) in Jakarta Convention Center. The methodology used is purposive sampling and until the expiry of the study collected 421 respondents. With the demographic profile, average age 30 years, men 71% and 29% female. 64% is of institutions PADI certified divers (43%).

Here is Indonesia's best dive sites ranking in a survey by National Geographic Traveler Indonesian Research and Development.

1. Papua: Raja Ampat Islands (VALUE: 4.23)
Respondents gave the highest values for diversity and beauty of (4.81) and the preservation of the location. Once been a dream of the divers who have never visited there (36%). "Life under the sea has not been disrupted and I hope will be and so on. Exact location to enjoy the fish and coral reefs are also various Relic of World War II, "Daniel Abimanju Carnadie, Jakarta.


2. East Nusa Tenggara: Komodo, Rinca (VALUE: 4.23)
Chosen because high-value challenge and difficulty to arrive at an underwater location (4.42) and ranked second only to the Raja Ampat to question the sustainability locations (4.24). "Location is complete, with the diversity of coral reefs and marine life combined with a strong current is a challenge," Dawn Anshori, Jakarta.


3. North Sulawesi: Lembeh Strait, Bitung (VALUE: 4.19)
The highest value obtained for the satisfaction of the sector compared to the cost or the cost meets value (4.52). Followed by service operators satisfying (4.09). "A lot of weird rare biota exist elsewhere," Qorina Ria Lubis, Jakarta.

4. North Sulawesi: Bunaken Island, Manado (VALUE: 4.14)
Ease to get to this location makes it selected as one of the best dive sites (4.09). Including top rankings for a list of locations to be visited divers (13%). "Biodiversity of marine inhabitants so rich. Its beauty was no doubt about it, "Syamsir M. Saputra, South Kalimantan.

5. Bali: Tulamben (VALUE: 4.05)
Ranked top for business service operator (4.12) and convenience to the location (4.17). "The point is very close to shore diving. Wreck diving is good, although sometimes Crowded below, "Johannes Suryo, Surabaya.


6. Bali: Nusa Penida, Lembongan (VALUE: 4.02)
Ranked high for the availability of additional tourism (3.1 also has the challenge during a dive (3.95). "Lots of choices for diving drift," Margareta W. Artanti, Jakarta.

More details, read National Geographic Traveler Vol 1 3rd edition, 2009. Circulating started 26 April 2009